STATEMENT & ASSUMPTIONS Rules

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STATEMENT & ASSUMPTIONS

In a statement & assumption question, a statement is given in the question followed by a few assumptions made on the basis of them.. An assumption is something taken for granted i.e., a fact that can be supposed on considering the contents of the given statement.

There are two types of questions:

A statement ts given, followed by two as assumptions and we are required to assess the given statement and then decide which of the given assumptions is implicit in the statement and choose the some from the alternatives provided.

TYPE 1: TWO ASSUMPTIONS

Direction: In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II.

Consider the statement and decide which of the given assumptions is implicit.

Give answer as

(a) if only assumption I is implicit (b) if only assumption II is implicit

(e) if both I and II are implicit.

Ex.1. Statement: It is desirable to put the child in school at the age of 5 or so.

Assumptions:

I. At that age the child reaches the appropriate level of development and is ready to learn.

Il. The schools do not admit children after six years of age.

Sol. (a) Since the statement talks of putting the child in school at the age of 5, it means that the child is mentally prepared for the same at this age. So. I is implicit. But, nothing about admission after six years of age is mentioned in the statement. So, II is not implicit.

TYPE 2: THREE ASSUMPTIONS

Direction: Questions is the same as type I, with the difference that three assumptions are given and we are required to choose that group which is implicit in the context of the given statement.

Ex.1. Statement: The company has recently announced a series of incentives to employees who are punctual and sincere.

Assumptions:

I. Those who are not punctual at present may get motivated by the announcement.

II. The productivity of the company may increase.

III. The profit earned by the company may be more than the amount to be spent for the incentive programs.

(a) Only I and II are implicit (b) None is implicit. (c) Only II and III are implicit.

(d) All are implicit. (e) None of these.

Sol. (a) Announcing incentives for punctual and sincere employees would surely motivate more and more employees to be punctual and this will surely increase productivity. So, both I and II are implicit. However, the statement does not give any information about the profit earned by the company. So, III is not implicit.

PRACTICE TEST-I

Direction (1 to 5): In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions

Numbered I and IJ. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. You have to consider

The statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement. Give answer as

(a) If only assumption I is implicit (b) if only assumption II is implicit

(e) If both I and Il are implicit

1. Statement: “Invest in our regular scheme and earn an interest of at least 10%”-Advertisement by a Financial Institution.

Assumptions

I. 10% interest may attract a good number of investors.

II. No other scheme offers interest as high as 10%.

2. Statement: The traffic police of Maharashtra has put up notice boards at all major junctions of the state, warning drivers to refrain from using cell phones while driving or else their licenses will be impounded.

Assumptions:

I. The drivers of the vehicles may ignore the warning and continue using phones while driving.

II. The traffic police of Maharashtra may be able to nab most of the offenders and impound their licenses.

3. Statement: The State cultural club decided to organize a Dancing event to raise money for the construction of the club building.

Assumptions:

I. The residents may not allow the club to organize the local dancing event. ,

II. The money allocated by organizing the dancing event may be substantial enough for the club to start construction.

4. Statement: If it does not rain throughout this month, most farmers would be in trouble this year.

Assumptions

I. Timely rain is essential for farming.

II. Most of the farmers are generally dependent on rain.

5. Statement: The Government has decided against the reduction of prices of agricultural products though there is a significant drop in the prices of seeds in the international market.

Assumptions:

I. The prices of seeds in the international market may again increase in the near future.

II. The present price difference of agricultural products will help the government to withstand any possible price rise in the future.

Directions (6 to 8): Each of these questions has a statement followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. Consider the statement and the assumptions following it in each of these questions and mark your answer as :

(a) if only assumption I is implicit (b) if only assumption II is implicit

6. Statement: Despite heavy rains, traffic has not been disturbed.

Assumption:

I. Rains do not affect traffic movement.

II. Adequate precautions were taken for traffic management during the rainy season.

Direction: A statement is given followed by two inferences I and II, You have to consider rhe Statement to be true even if it seems to be at variance from commonly known facts. You have to decide which of the given inferences, if any, follow from the given Statement. :

7. Statement: Rahul ordered a bunch of books online and found that a few pages were missing, but the website refused to replace them.

Assumptions:

I. Rahul usually orders books from this website.

II. The pages were missing in only one of the books ordered by Rahul.

(a) Only assumption I is implicit (b) Only assumption II is implicit

(e) Either I or Il is implicit

8. Statement: It is not always true that the adoption of sophisticated technology increases production efficiency.

Assumption:

I. Adoption of sophisticated technology is not a difficult thing to achieve.

II. Production and efficiency can be achieved by getting rid of sophisticated technology.

Direction (9 to 13): In each question below is given a statement followed by two assumptions marked A and B. You have to consider the Statement and the following assumptions and decide which of the assumptions is implicit in the statement, Mark the answer as:

(a) if only assumption A is implicit. (b) if only assumption B is implicit

9. Statement: Detergents should be used to clean clothes.

Assumptions:

A. Detergents form more lather.

B. Detergents help to dislodge grease and dirt.

10. Statement: The private bus services in the city have virtually collapsed because of the ongoing strike of its employees.

Assumptions:

A. Going on strikes has become the right of every employee.

B. People no more require the services of private bus operators.

11. Statement: In Bombay, railway trains are indispensable for people in the suburbs to reach their places of work on time.

Assumptions:

A. Railway trains are the only mode of transport available in the suburbs of Bombay.

B. Only railway trains run punctually.

12. Statement: The government has decided to reduce the customs duty on computer peripherals.

Assumptions:

A. The domestic market price of computer peripherals may go up in the near future.

B. The domestic manufacturers may oppose the decision.

13. Statement: I cannot contact you on the phone from Kaushik.

Assumption:

A. Telephone facility is not available at Kaushik.

B. Nowadays it is difficult to contact on the phone.

Directions (14 to 18): A statement is followed by three assumptions marked I, IT, I. Check whether these assumptions are implicit in the statement or not. Possible combinations of assumptions are given against options (a), (b), (c), and (d). Choose the appropriate one.

14. Statement: ‘Buy pure and natural honey of company X’ – an advertisement in a newspaper.

Assumption:

l. Artificial honey can be prepared.

II. People do not mind paying more for pure and natural honey.

lll. No other company supplies pure honey.

(a) Only I is implicit (b) only I and II are implicit

15. Statement: “Fly with us and experience the pleasure of flying” —an advertisement by airlines.

Assumptions:

I. More passengers may be attracted to travel by the airline after reading the advertisement.

II. People generally may prefer an enjoyable flight.

III. Other airlines may not be offering the same facilities.

(a) None is implicit (b) Only I is implicit (c) Only II is implicit (d) None of these.

16. Statement: “We do not want you to see our product in newspaper, visit our shop to get a full view” – an advertisement.

Assumptions:

I. People generally decide to purchase any product after seeing the name in the advertisement.

II. Uncommon appeal may attract customers.

III. People may come to see the product.

(a) None is implicit (b) Only I and II are implicit. (c) Only II and III are implicit.

(d) All are implicit.

17. Statement: “Use Riya cold cream for fair complexion” – an advertisement.

Assumption:

I. People like to use the cream for a fair complexion.

II. People are easily fooled.

III. People respond to advertisements.

(a) Only lI is implicit (b) Only I and II are implicit. (c) Only II is implicit.

(d) Only I and III are implicit.

18. Statement: “Smoking is injurious to health’—a warning printed on the cigarette packets.

Assumptions:

I. People read printed matter on a cigarette packet.

Il. People take careful note of a warning.

III. Non-smoking promotes health.

(a) Only I is implicit (b) Only I and II are implicit (c) Only I is implicit (d) All are implicit.

Directions (19 to 22): In each question, a statement is followed by two assumptions, Numbered I and II. Consider the statement and the following assumptions to decide which of the assumption is implicit in the statement. Mark answers as:

(a) if only assumption I is implicit. (b) if either I or II is implicit.

(e) both assumptions implicit.

19. Statement: Like a madman, I decided to follow him

Assumptions:

I. I am not a madman.

II. I am a madman.

20. Statements: All the employees are notified that the organization will provide transport facilities at half the cost from the nearby railway station to the office except those who have been provided with travel allowances.

Assumptions:

I. Most of the employees will travel by office transport.

Il. Those who are provided with a traveling allowance will not read such notice.

21. Statement: An advertisement of a bank—“wants to open a bank account! Just dial our ‘room service’ and we will come at your doorstep.”

Assumptions:

I. There is a section of people who require such service at their home.

Il. Now a day’s banking has become Very competitive.

22. Statement: I can take you quickly from Kanpur to Lucknow by my cab but then you must pay me double the normal charges.

Assumptions:

I. Normally, it will take more time to reach Lucknow from Kanpur.

II. People want to reach quickly but will not pay extra money.

Directions (23 to 25): Each of these has a statement followed by two assumptions. Mark answers as:

(a) if only assumption I is implicit. (b) if only assumption II is implicit.

23. Statement: Unemployment allowance should be given to all unemployed Indian youth above 18 years of age.

Assumptions:

I. There is unemployed youth in India who needs monetary support.

II. The Government has sufficient funds to provide allowance to all unemployed youth.

24. Statement: Retired person should not be appointed for an executive post in other organizations.

Assumptions:

I. Retired persons may lack the Seal and commitment to carry out the executive’s work.

II. Retired persons do not take an interest in the work and welfare of the new organization.

25. Statement: Government-aided schools have uniformity in charging various fees.

Assumptions:

I. The Government’s subsidies come from the money collected by the way of taxes by people.

Il. The Government while giving subsidies, may have stipulated certain uniform conditions regarding fees.

Directions (26 to 28): In each of these questions, a statement is followed by two assumptions numbered I and II. An assumption is something supposed or taken for granted. Mark the answer as:

(a) if only assumption II is implicit. (b) if only assumption I is implicit.

26. Statement: The KLM Company has decided to go tax-free and taxable bonds to raise Its resources.

Assumptions:

I. The KLM Company has already explored other resources to raise money.

II. The products of KLM Company have little competition in the market.

27. Statement: Lack of stimulation in the first four-five years of life can have adverse consequences.

Assumptions:

I. A great part of the development of observed intelligence occurs in the earliest years of life.

II. 50% -of the measurable intelligence at the age of 17 is already predictable by age 4.

28. Statement: “Take this ‘oven’ home and you can prepare very tasty dishes which you were unable to prepare earlier” —An advertisement of X brand Oven.

Assumptions:

I. The user knows the procedure recipe of tasty dishes but does not have the proper oven to cook.

II. Only ‘X’ brand oven can cook very tasty dishes.

Directions (29 to 30): Each question has a statement followed by two assumptions. Find the implicit assumptions.

29. Statement: A good system of education in a country is the flower of economic development; it is also its seed.

Assumption:

I. Economic development leads to educational development in a country.

II. Educational development leads to economic development in a country.

(a) Both I and II are implicit. (b) Only II is implicit

30. Statement: There is one thing as important as studies and that is how much is understood.

Assumptions:

I. Studying and understanding go hand in hand.

I I. Understanding is as important as studying.

(a) Both I and II are implicit. (b) Only II is implicit

ANSWERS

1.(a) 2 (d) 3. (b) 4 (e) 5. (d) 6.(b) 7. (d) 8. (c) 9. (b) 10. (d)

11. (b) 12. (d) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (d) 16. (c) 17. (d) 18. (c) 19. (a) 20. (a)

21. (e) 22. (a) 23. (a) 24. (d) 25. (b) 26. (d) 27. (b) 28. (b) 29. (a) 30. (b)