Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology Questions

Exobiology is the branch of science that deals with the possibility and likely nature of life on other planets or in space. The primary goal of exobiological research is to reach a better understanding of the processes leading to the origin, evolution and distribution of life on Earth or elsewhere in the universe. Exobiological activities include comparison of the overall pattern of chemical evolution of potential precursors of life, in the interstellar medium, and on the planets and small bodies of our solar system, tracing the history of life on Earth back to its roots, deciphering the environments of the planets in our solar system and of their satellites.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Although fat is a common way of storing energy, in vertebrates such as humans the fatty acids in these stores cannot be converted to glucose through gluconeogenesis as these organisms cannot convert acetyl-CoA into pyruvate; plants do, but animals do not, have the necessary enzymatic machinery. As a result, after long-term starvation, vertebrates need to produce ketone bodies from fatty acids to replace glucose in tissues such as the brain that cannot metabolize fatty acids. In other organisms such as plants and bacteria, this metabolic problem is solved using the glyoxylate cycle, which bypasses the decarboxylation step in the citric acid cycle and allows the transformation of acetyl-CoA to oxaloacetate, where it can be used for the production of glucose.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

A clone is a colony of cells having similar genetic constitutions. A clone is a group of identical cells that share a common ancestry, meaning they are derived from the same mother cell A somewhat similar concept is that of clonal colony (also called a genet), wherein the cells (usually unicellular) also share a common ancestry, but which also requires the products of clonal expansion to reside at “one place”, or in close proximity. A clonal colony would be well exemplified by a bacterial culture colony, or the bacterial films that are more likely to be found in vivo (e.g., in infected multicellular hosts).

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Pollen grains are large sticky and heavy, usually with rough surfaces so that they can readily cling onto the insects bodies. They are sticky so that pollen grains settling on them are not easily displaced.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Sodium benzoate is used for the preservation of food. It has the chemical formula NaC₆ H₅ CO₂. It is the sodium salt of benzoic acid and exists in this form when dissolved in water. It can be produced by reacting sodium hydroxide with benzoic acid. It is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions. It is most widely used in acidic foods such as salad dressings (vinegar), carbonated drinks (carbonic acid), jams and fruit juices (citric acid), pickles (vinegar), and condiments.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Emphysema is the common lung disease caused by asbestos. Emphysema is a lung condition in which tiny air sacs in the lungs – alveoli – fill up with air. As the air continues to build up in these sacs, they expand, and may break or become damaged and form scar tissue. The patient becomes progressively short of breath. Emphysema is a type of COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Cone cells, or cones, are photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye that are responsible for color vision, they function best in relatively bright light, as opposed to rod cells that work better in dim light. Cone cells are densely packed in the fovea, but quickly reduce in number towards the periphery of the retina. It allow the perception of colour.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Generally, there are four different tea categories that differ in processing methods. By withering, new picked leaves are thinly spread to dry during this process. Heated air is forced over the leaves if the climate is not suitable. The main goal of this process is to reduce the water content. By the end of withering, the leaves should be pliable enough to be rolled. From the withering racks, the leaves are now twisted and rolled so that the leaf cells are broken up. Oxidation is a bio-chemical process where oxygen is absorbed. It begins once the leaf membranes are broken during the rolling process. Oxidation causes the leaves to turn bright copper in color. During the stage of drying or firing, the leaves are dried evenly and thoroughly without being burnt. Firing the leaves stops the oxidation process.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Dehydration is the condition where there is acute shortage of water in our body. This occurs when the amount of water leaving our body is greater than the amount consumed. There are three types of dehydration: hypotonic or hyponatremic (primarily a loss of electrolytes, sodium in particular), hypertonic or hypernatremic (primarily a loss of water), and isotonic or isonatremic (equal loss of water and electrolytes). In humans, the most commonly seen type of dehydration by far is isotonic (isonatraemic) dehydration which effectively equates with hypovolemia, but the distinction of isotonic from hypotonic or hypertonic dehydration may be important when treating people who become dehydrated.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Ostriches are the largest living species of bird. Ostriches usually weigh 200 to 285 pounds, although some male ostriches have been recorded with weights of up to 340 pounds.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Prior of the implantation of the blastocyst the uterus of the recipi-ent mother should be made ready to receive the embryo. This is usually done with the hormonal treatment. The blastocyst is introduced into the uterus by one of the two methods – by using a catheter through the vagina and cervical canal to the womb or directly into the uterus through a cut made in the wall of the uterus. The womb of the mother under the influence of the hormones develops the endometrium and the blastocyst gets im-planted and the normal process of pregnancy continues.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Growth rings can determine the age of the trees. Growth rings, also referred to as tree rings or annual rings, can be seen in a horizontal cross section cut through the trunk of a tree. Growth rings are the result of new growth in the vascular cambium, a layer of cells near the bark that is classified as a lateral meristem. These visible rings result from the change in growth speed through the seasons of the year, thus one ring usually marks the passage of one year in the life of the tree.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Cadmium (Cd), a by-product of zinc production, is one of the most toxic elements to which man can be exposed at work or in the environment. Once absorbed, Cd is efficiently retained in the human body, in which it accumulates throughout life. Cd is primarily toxic to the kidney, especially to theproximal tubular cells, the main site of accumulation. Cadmium accumulates in the kidneys and may sometimes cause kidney failure when it is in excess.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The peanuts, or groundnut (Arachishypogaea), is a species in the legume “bean” family (Fabaceae). The cultivated peanut was probably first domesticated in the valleys of Peru. It is an annual herbaceous plant growing tall.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Among the more significant inhabitants of the silent valley forests are the lion tailed macaque which is on list of endangered animal and the Silent Valley is one of their habitats on earth. The lion- tailed macaque is one of the most endangered primates of India, confined in distribution to the rainforests of southern Western Ghats. Habitat specialists, they have adapted themselves to the evergreen environments available in the south Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu, It has recently been estimated that only 3,000 to 4,000 individuals survive in the wild.

Answer is Option (1) for Biology MCQ for SSC CGL

Breathing sixteen times every minute an average volume of air amounting to 30 cubic inches, we find that the expired air amounts to no less than 17 cubic feet per hour. This contaminated air contains only 16 per cent of oxygen, and 4.5 per cent of carbonic acid gas, and is sufficient to vitiate no less than 3,000 cubic feet of fresh air. Pure fresh air contains from 0.03 to 0.04 per cent of carbonic acid gas, or at the most, .4 volumes per thousand volumes of air. Careful investigation shows that when further carbonic acid gas has been added raising the amount to more than .6 volumes per 1000 of fresh air that an unpleasant odour rapidly becomes perceptible and the air gets to be “close,” musty, or foul. According to these figures a person in a room ten feet square by ten feet high containing a 1000 cubic feet of air requires to have this air completely replaced twice during the hour so as to furnish 3,000 cubic feet of fresh air hourly in order to prevent the carbonic acid gas exceeding 0.06 per cent.

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Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Reserpine (Lannett’s Serpalan) is an indole alkaloid antipsychotic and antihypertensive drug that has been used for the control of high blood pressure. The antihypertensive actions of reserpine are a result of its ability to deplete catecholamines (among other monoamine neurotransmitters) from peripheral sympathetic nerve endings. These substances are normally involved in controlling heart rate, force of cardiac contraction and peripheral resistance.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

ELISA is an abbreviation for “enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay.” An ELISA test uses components of the immune system and chemicals to detect immune responses in the body (for example, to infectious microbes).It is used to detect the retrovirus antibodies. The ELISA test involves an enzyme (a protein that catalyzes a biochemical reaction). It also involves an antibody or antigen (immunologic molecules).

Answer is Option (2) for Biology Objective Question for SSC CGL

Heating an oil changes its characteristics and this means that oils regarded as being healthy at room temperature can become unhealthy when heated above certain temperatures. The smoking point is the temperature at which a particular fat or oil starts to smoke and break down creating acreolein, an obnoxious-smelling compound. A 2001 review found that polyunsaturated oils like soya, canola, sunflower, and corn oil degrade quickly to yield toxic compounds when heated and that prolonged consumption of these degraded polyunsaturated oils was linked to atherosclerosis, inflammatory joint disease and the development of birth defects.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Estrogen is the general name for a group of hormone compounds. It is the main sex hormone in women and is essential to the menstrual cycle. Although both men and women have this hormone, it is found in higher amounts in women, especially those capable of reproducing. Secondary sex characteristics, which are the defining differences between men and women that don’t relate to the reproductive system, are determined in part by estrogen.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. The clove tree is an evergreen that grows to a height ranging from 8–12 m, having large leaves and sanguine flowers in numerous groups of terminal clusters. The flower buds are at first of a pale colour and gradually become green, after which they develop into a bright red, when they are ready for collecting.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

If we look at the dermis, the layer on the skin beneath the epidermis (outer layer), and a certain type of cell within this layer, called a fibroblast, we find that the fibroblasts in the soles and palms secrete higher levels of a protein known as dickkopf 1, or DKK1, than the fibroblasts in the dermis at other body sites. It is believed that the rich source of DKK1 in these areas affects the epidermal layer above it and creates the physical characteristics of thickened, paler skin. DKK1 thickens the epidermis by increasing the number of skin cells and their density. Three genes affected by DKK1 – keratin 9, áKLEIP and â-catenin – have been found to cause this thickening. Keratin 9 reinforces the skin against physical impact, áKLEIP aids in cell division (multiplying) and makes cells smaller and, finally, a reduction in â-catenin is also possibly involved in cell contraction (making the cells more compact).

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Wavelength of light between 400 nm and 700 nm is most effective for photosynthesis. This light is called photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Comparatively more photosynthesis occurs is red and blue regions though others have significant net photosynthesis. Light has maximum efficiency in red and minimum in blue region. In both these regions light is absorbed by chlorophylls. Red light favours more carbohydrate accumulation while blue light favours more protein synthesis.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

AIDS viruses have single stranded RNA. It is composed of two copies of positive single-stranded RNA that codes for the virus’s nine genes enclosed by a conical capsid composed of 2,000 copies of the viral protein. The single-stranded RNA is tightly bound to nucleocapsid proteins.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The main constituent of alcohol is Ethanol and the concentration of ethanol in a sample can be determined by back titration with acidified potassium dichromate. Reacting the sample with an excess of potassium dichromate, all ethanol is oxidized to acetic acid. One major application for this reaction is in old police breathalyzer tests. When alcohol vapor makes contact with the yellow dichromate-coated crystals, the color changes from yellow to green. The degree of the color change is directly related to the level of alcohol in the suspect’s breath.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The Anglo-Nubian, or simply Nubian in the United States, is a breed of domestic goat. The breed was developed in Great Britain of native milking stock and goats from the Middle East and North Africa. Its distinguishing characteristics include large, pendulous ears and a “Roman” nose. Due to their Middle-Eastern heritage, Anglo-Nubians can live in very hot climates and have a longer breeding season than other dairy goats. Considered a dairy or dual-purpose breed, Anglo-Nubians are known for the high butterfat content of their milk, although on average, the breed produces less milk than other dairy breeds.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Alkaline soils are treated with gypsum to make it suitable for cropping. Alkaline soils are clay soils with high pH (> 9), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard calcareous layer at 0.5 to 1 metre depth. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable Physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate which causes the soil to swell and difficult to settle. Gypsum (calcium sulphate, CaSO₄ . 2H₂O) can also be applied as a source of Ca++ ions to replace the sodium at the exchange complex. There must be enough natural drainage to the underground, or else an artificial subsurface drainage system must be present, to permit the leaching of the excess sodium by percolation of rain and/or irrigation water through the soil profile.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The Botanical Survey of India (BSI) is the apex research organization under the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Govt. of India for carrying out taxonomic and floristic studies on wild plant resources of the country. It was established on 13th February, 1890 with the basic objective to explore the plant resources of the country and to identify the plants species with economic virtues. The Botanical Survey of India has the nine regional circles situated at different regions of the country.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

In the 1950s, Arvid Carlsson demonstrated that dopamine was a neurotransmitter in the brain and not just a precursor fornorepinephrine, as had been previously believed. He developed a method for measuring the amount of dopamine in brain tissues and found that dopamine levels in the basal ganglia, a brain area important for movement, were particularly high. He then showed that giving animals the drug reserpine caused a decrease in dopamine levels and a loss of movement control. These effects were similar to the symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. Arvid Carlsson subsequently won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2000.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Apples are a great, healthy food, but even with the skin they do not contain a large amount of iron. Apples contain 11 milligrams of iron per 100 grams. A gram is a measure of weight. Fruit as a food group is not a great iron source but it does play an important role in our ability to absorb iron. Fruit is often loaded with vitamin C, a vitamin that will actually help to utilize the iron in vegetarian foods; apples are a modest source of vitamin C.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

In 1883, Koch worked with a French research team in Alexandria, Egypt, studying cholera. Koch identified the vibrio bacterium that caused cholera.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Low-calorie sweeteners are sugar substitutes that have zero calories and do not raise blood glucose levels through eating them, which makes them a preferable choice for diabetic people over sugar.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The generation and maintenance of all our life processes are supported by four basic components: carbohydrates, water, proteins and energy. Most scientists agree that oxygen is actually the over-riding key ingredient in all four of these life components. 80% of all our metabolic energy production is created by oxygen! The human body is largely composed of oxygen. All metabolic processes in the body are regulated by oxygen.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Oxygen liberated during photosynthesis is coming from water to create a stable, unstirred layer to support surface neutralization of acid and act as a protective physical barrier against luminal pepsin.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The Technology Mission on Oilseeds was launched by the Central Government in 1986 to increase the production of oilseeds to reduce import and achieve self-sufficiency in edible oils. Subsequently, pulses, oil palm and maize were also brought within the purview of the Mission in 1990-91, 1992 and 1995- 96 respectively. In addition, the National Oilseeds and Vegetable Oils Development (NOVOD) Board also supplement the efforts of TMOP by opening of newer areas for non-traditional oilseeds. IT is promoting Tree Borne Oilseeds (TBO)s.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Eugen Steinach discovered the sex hormones in 1921. He conducted experiments in the transplantation of a male guinea pig’s testes into a female and the castration of the male. The testes secretion, now known as testosterone, resulted in the female guinea pig developing male sexual behavior such as mounting the partner. This led Steinach to theorize that the gland’s secretions were responsible for sexuality.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Fermentation in food processing typically is the conversion of carbohydrates to alcohols and carbon dioxide or organic acids using yeasts, bacteria, or a combination there of, under anaerobic conditions. Fermentation in simple terms is the chemical conversion of sugars into ethanol. Both alcoholic fermentation and glycolysis are anaerobic fermentation processes that begin with the sugar glucose. Glycolysis requires 11 enzymes which degrade glucose to lactic acid. Alcoholic fermentation follows the same enzymatic pathway for the first 10 steps. The last enzyme of glycolysis, lactate dehydrogenase, is replaced by two enzymes in alcoholic fermentation. These two enzymes, pyruvate decarboxylase and alcoholic dehydrogenase, convert pyruvic acid into carbon dioxide and ethanol in alcoholic fermentation.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Stem cells are biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells. Stem cells can now be artificially grown and transformed (differentiated) into specialized cell types with characteristics consistent with cells of various tissues such as muscles or nerves through cell culture.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The continuous adherent mucus layer is also a barrier to luminal pepsin, thereby protecting the underlying mucosa from proteolytic digestion. The primary function of the adherent mucus gel layer is a structural one to create a stable, unstirred layer to support surface neutralization of acid and act as a protective physical barrier against luminal pepsin.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The bitterness can be tasted at the posterior part of the tongue. Bitter taste is one of four taste receptors of the tongue. It used to be thought that they were located toward the back of the tongue.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Amniocentesis (also referred to as amniotic fluid test or AFT) is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections, in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is sampled from the amnion or amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and the fetal DNA is examined for genetic abnormalities.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Photosynthesis is a process used by plants and other organisms to convert the light energy captured from the sun into chemical energy that can be used to fuel the organism’s activities. photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a waste product. Photosynthesis is vital for all aerobic life on Earth.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Coagulation is the process by which blood forms clots. It is an important part of homeostasis, the cessation of blood loss from a damaged vessel, wherein a damaged blood vessel wall is covered by a platelet and fibrin-containing clot to stop bleeding and begin repair of the damaged vessel. Platelets immediately form a plug at the site of injury, this is called primary homeostasis.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology Question

Penicillin is a group of antibiotics derived from Penicillium fungi. They include penicillin G, procaine penicillin, benzathine penicillin, and penicillin V. Penicillin antibiotics are historically significant because they are the first drugs that were effective against many previously serious diseases, such as syphilis, and infections caused by staphylococci and streptococci. Penicillin’s are still widely used today, though many types of bacteria are now resistant. All penicillin’s are â-lactam antibiotics and are used in the treatment of bacterial infections caused by susceptible, usually Gram-positive, organisms.

Answer is Option (1) for Biology MCQ for CGL

Virus particles (known as virions) consist of two or three parts: the genetic material made from either DNA or RNA, long molecules that carry genetic information, a protein coat that protects these genes, and in some cases an envelope of lipids that surrounds the protein coat when they are outside a cell. The shapes of viruses range from simple helical and icosahedral forms to more complex structures.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The gender of the baby can be ascertained accurately after more or less than seven weeks of pregnancy. During this period of pregnancy, the fetal DNA is sufficiently found in the mother’s blood. Thus, identifying the fetus gender through prenatal gender testing is easier.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology Question

The main reason for thyroid malfunctioning is the deficiency of Iodine. Since iodine is a trace mineral found in food that combines with Tyrosine to make both T3 and T4, both of the hormones produced in the thyroid, a lack of it can lead to under production of thyroid hormones.

Answer is Option (4) for Biology MCQ for SSC CGL

Cloves are the aromatic dried flower buds of a tree in the family Myrtaceae. Cloves are native to the Maluku islands in Indonesia and used as a spice in cuisines all over the world. Cloves are harvested primarily in Indonesia, India, Madagascar, Zanzibar, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. They have a numbing effect on mouth tissues. The clove tree is an evergreen that grows to a height ranging from 8–12 m, having large leaves and sanguine flowers in numerous groups of terminal clusters. The flower buds are at first of a pale color and gradually become green, after which they develop into a bright red, when they are ready for collecting.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

White blood cells, or leukocytes, are cells of the immune system involved in defending the body against both infectious disease and foreign materials. Five different and diverse types of leukocytes exist, but they are all produced and derived from a multipotent cell in the bone marrow known as a hematopoietic stem cell. They live for about three to four days in the average human body. Leukocytes are found throughout the body, including the blood and lymphatic system. An increase in the number of leukocytes over the upper limits is called leukocytosis, and a decrease below the lower limit is called leukopenia.

Answer is Option (4) for Biology Objective Question

The body keeps its core temperature constant at about 37⁰ C by physiological adjustments controlled by the hypothalamus (Thermostat Center) where there are neurons sensitive to changes in skin and blood temperatures. The temperature-regulating centers are found in the Preoptic Area (the anterior portion of the hypothalamus). This area receives input from temperature receptors in the skin and mucous membranes (Peripheral Thermoreceptors) and from internal structures (Central Thermoreceptors), which include the hypothalamus itself. The temperature sensory signals from the preoptic area and those form the periphery are combined in the posterior hypothalamus to control the heat producing and conserving reactions of the body. The hypothalamic thermostat works in conjunction with other hypothalamic, autonomic and higher nervous thermoregulatory centers to keep the core temperature constant.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Chromosomes are long, stringy aggregates of genes that carry heredity information. They are composed of DNA and proteins and are located within the nucleus of our cells. Chromosomes determine everything from hair color and eye color to sex. Whether you are a male or female depends on the presence or absence of certain chromosomes. Human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes for a total of 46. There are 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Hashish, often known as “hash”, is a cannabis preparation composed of compressed and/or purified preparations of stalked resin glands, called trichomes, collected from the unfertilized buds of the cannabis plant. Hashish is made from cannabinoid-rich glandular hairs known as trichomes, as well as varying amounts of cannabis flower and leaf fragments. The flowers of a mature female plant contain the most trichomes, though trichomes are found on other parts of the plant. Certain strains of cannabis are cultivated specifically for their ability to produce large amounts of trichomes.

Answer is Option (4) for Biology MCQ for SSC CGL

Heart is the only organ in the body which never rest throughout the entire life. The heart is a hollow muscle that pumps blood throughout the blood vessels by repeated, rhythmic contractions. It is found in all animals with a circulatory system (including all vertebrates). The vertebrate heart is principally composed of cardiac muscle and connective tissue. The average human heart, beating at 72 beats per minute, will beat approximately 2.5 billion times during an average 66 year lifespan.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The iris is a thin, circular structure in the eye, responsible for controlling the diameter and size of the pupils and thus the amount of light reaching the retina. “Eye color” is the color of the iris, which in humans can be green, blue, or brown. In some cases it can be hazel (a combination of light brown, green and gold), grey, violet, or even pink. In response to the amount of light entering the eye, muscles attached to the iris expand or contract the aperture at the center of the iris, known as the pupil. The larger the pupil, the more light can enter.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology Objective Question

Plant and animal cells have several differences and similarities. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts but plant cells do. Animal cells are round and irregular in shape while plant cells have fixed, rectangular shapes. Chloroplasts are organelles found in plant cells and other eukaryotic organisms that conduct photosynthesis and other chemical reactions. Chloroplasts capture the sun’s light energy, store it in the energy storage molecules ATP and NADPH and use it in the process called photosynthesis to make organic molecules from carbon dioxide and free oxygen from water.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Proteins are very important for children as they help their body grow. Proteins are the source of amino acids, which are the building blocks of your child’s body. Amino acids help the development of muscle, bones, skin and various organs in children. The enzymes which are catalysts of body growth are proteins produced by the body. As children grow, their immune system also keeps improving and maturing. Proteins also play an important role in the working and development of the immune system. Many hormones which are important to regulate the behaviour of various body functions, are also proteins. For example, insulin is a protein.

Answer is Option (3) for MCQ on Biology for SSC CGL

Plants need sunlight to conduct the carbohydrate making process called photosynthesis in their green leaves and stems. Seeds do not contain green pigment, but merely a dormant embryo. Seeds do not need to bask in sunlight to germinate. However, the warmth from sunlight can create a soil environment more conducive for germination. The requirements for seed germination vary among all plant species. Usually, direct sunlight is harmful to the process of germination and initial development of the sprout.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Antigens are the substance that when introduced into the body stimulates the production of an antibody. Antigens include toxins, bacteria, foreign blood cells, and the cells of transplanted organs. Antigens can also react with formed antibodies. Antigen-antibody reactions serve as host defenses against microorganisms and other foreign bodies or are used in laboratory tests for detecting the presence of either antigen or antibody. The antigenicity of a protein is determined by its sequence of amino acids as well as by its conformation. Antigens may be introduced into an animal by ingestion, inhalation, sometimes by contact with skin, or more regularly by injection into the bloodstream, skin, peritoneum, or other body part.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology Question

Darwin’s finches are a group of about 15 species of passerine birds. They often are classified as the subfamily Geospizinae or tribe Geospizini. They were first collected by Charles Darwin on the Galápagos Islands during the second voyage of the Beagle. All are found only on the Galápagos Islands. The birds vary in size from 10 to 20 cm and weigh between 8 and 38 grams. The smallest are the warbler-finches and the largest is the Vegetarian Finch. The most important differences between species are in the size and shape of their beaks, and the beaks are highly adapted to different food sources. The birds are all dull-coloured.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

A nerve is an enclosed, cable-like bundle of axons (the long, slender projections of neurons) in the peripheral nervous system. A nerve provides a common pathway for the electrochemical nerve impulses that are transmitted along each of the axons to peripheral organs. A nerve conveys information in the form of electrochemical impulses (known as nerve impulses or action potentials) carried by the individual neurons that make up the nerve. These impulses are extremely fast, with some myelinated neurons conducting at speeds up to 120 m/s.

Answer is Option (1) for Biology MCQ for SSC CGL

The source of oxygen produced during photosynthesis is the splitting of water molecule into hydrogen and oxygen. Photosynthesis uses carbon dioxide and water, releasing oxygen as a waste product. Although photosynthesis can happen in different ways in different species, some features are always the same. For example, the process always begins when energy from light is absorbed by proteins called photosynthetic reaction centers that contain chlorophylls. In plants, these proteins are held inside organelles called chloroplasts, while in bacteria they are embedded in the plasma membrane. Some of the light energy gathered by chlorophylls is stored in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The rest of the energy is used to remove electrons from a substance such as water. These electrons are then used in the reactions that turn carbon dioxide into organic compounds.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Fluorine is the element that is associated with teeth disorder because the presence of sodium fluoride in drinking water at the level of 2 ppm may cause mottled enamel in teeth, skeletal fluorosis, and may be associated with cancer and other diseases. However, topically applied fluoride (toothpaste, dental rinses) has been shown to help reduce dental caries.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology Question

Ketone bodies are three water-soluble compounds that are produced as by-products when fatty acids are broken down for energy in the liver. Two of the three are used as a source of energy in the heart and brain while the third is a waste product excreted from the body. When the rate of synthesis of ketone bodies exceeds the rate of utilization, their concentration in blood increases, this is known as ketonemia. This is followed by ketonuria- excretion of ketone bodies in urine.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology Question

Antibodies are secreted by a type of Lymphocytes (White Blood cell). Antibodies can occur in two physical forms, a soluble form that is secreted from the cell, and a membrane-bound form that is attached to the surface of a B cell and is referred to as the B cell receptor (BCR). An antibody (Ab), also known as an immunoglobulin (Ig), is a large Y-shaped protein produced by lymphocytes that is used by the immune system to identify and neutralize foreign objects such as bacteria and viruses. The antibody recognizes a unique part of the foreign target, called an antigen.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Vitamin K is a group of structurally similar, fat-soluble vitamins that are needed for the post-translational modification of certain proteins required for blood coagulation and in metabolic pathways in bone and other tissue. They are 2-methyl-1,4- naphthoquinone (3) derivatives. This group of vitamins includes two natural vitamers: vitamin K₁ and vitamin K₂. Vitamin K₁, also known as phylloquinone, phytomenadione, or phytonadione, is synthesized by plants, and is found in the highest amounts in green leafy vegetables because it is directly involved in photosynthesis. It may be thought of as the “plant form” of vitamin K. It is active in animals since animals can easily convert it to vitamin K₂.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology Questions

Red Blood cells contain hemoglobin which is what the oxygen binds with to form oxyhemoglobin which is then transported to the different cells around the body. Oxygen bonds with the hemoglobin when it is at high partial pressure and then is released when there is a lower partial pressure of oxygen. At high altitudes there is lower atmospheric pressure of oxygen. This means that the current number of red blood cells in the body cannot meet the cells demands for oxygen. Due to the lower partial pressure of oxygen a process called polycythemia occurs, which is an increase in the bodies red blood cell count. The body increases its red blood cell count because this means there is more hemoglobin available to bond with oxygen molecules meaning more oxygen can be transported to the cells in the body, therefore helping to meet the oxygen demands of the body even with less oxygen in the air.

Answer is Option (4) for Biology MCQ for SSC CGL

In vitro fertilisation is a process by which an egg is fertilised by sperm outside the body: in vitro. IVF is a major treatment for infertility when other methods of assisted reproductive technology have failed. The process involves monitoring a woman’s ovulatory process, removing ovum or ova (egg or eggs) from the woman’s ovaries and letting sperm fertilize them in a fluid medium in a laboratory. When a woman’s natural cycle is monitored to collect a naturally selected ovum (egg) for fertilisation, it is known as natural cycle IVF. The fertilised egg (zygote) is then transferred to the patient’s uterus with the intention of establishing a successful pregnancy. The first successful birth of a “test tube baby”, Louise Brown, occurred in 1978.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Keratin is a family of fibrous structural proteins. Keratin is the key structural material making up the outer layer of human skin. It is also the key structural component of hair and nails. Keratin monomers assemble into bundles to form intermediate filaments, which are tough and insoluble and form strong unmineralized tissues found in reptiles, birds, amphibians, and mammals. Cells in the epidermis contain a structural matrix of keratin, which makes this outermost layer of the skin almost waterproof, and along with collagen and elastin, gives skin its strength.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

The richest sources of protein are animal foods such as chicken, meat, fish, cheese, and eggs. However, plant proteins are believed to be healthier because of their lower fat content. Plant protein is found (e.g.) in beans (esp. soybeans), lentils, nuts, quorn and seeds. Fish and seafood are some of the richest sources of protein. One-half of a typical fillet of halibut or salmon provides approximately 41g of protein. Soybeans are legumes that provide a valuable protein-rich food option for vegetarians and nonvegetarians alike. One cup of boiled soybeans provides over 28g of protein.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology Question

Around the world, there is an increasing trend in areas of land, surface waters and groundwater affected by contamination from industrial, military and agricultural activities due to either ignorance, lack of vision, or carelessness. In the last three decades a special interest in the world is aroused by the potential of using the biological methods in the waste water treatment. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) constitutes an important part of an aquatic ecosystem. Water hyacinth as a very promising plant with tremendous application in wastewater treatment is already proved. Water hyacinth is used to treat waste water from dairies, tanneries, sugar factories, pulp and paper industries, palm oil mills, distilleries, etc.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Blood pressure is an important indicator of adrenal health and function. Mild adrenal weakness is usually accompanied by normal to high blood pressure. As Adrenal Fatigue advances, low blood pressure, at rest or related to posture becomes more prevalent.

Answer is Option (3) for Biology MCQ for CGL

The lymphatic system consists of a network of specialized lymphatic vessels and various tissues and organs throughout the body that contain lymphocytes (White Blood Cells) and other cells that help the body fight infection and disease. The lymphatic vessels are similar to veins but have thinner walls. Some of these vessels are very close to the skin surface and can be found near veins; others are just under the skin and in the deeper fatty tissues near the muscles and can be found near arteries.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology Questions

There are two forms of tuberculosis that cause significant disease in mammals. Human tuberculosis, a sometimes acute, but much more commonly, a chronic lung infection is caused by the bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Bovine tuberculosis is a very similar disease that infects cattle, as well as deer, goats, elk and many other animals. This infection is caused by a related bacterium, Mycobacterium bovis. Human infections with the bovine form of the bacteria are transmitted through milk.

Answer is Option (4) for Biology MCQ Question

Ecological productivity refers to the primary fixation of solar energy by plants and the subsequent use of that fixed energy by plant-eating herbivores, animal-eating carnivores, and the detritivores that feed upon dead biomass. Ecologists refer to the productivity of green plants as primary productivity. Deserts, tundra, and the deep ocean are the least productive ecosystems, typically having an energy fixation of less than 0.5 × 10³ kilocalories per square meter per year (thousands of kcal/m²/yr; it takes one calorie to raise the temperature of one gram of water by 34°F [1°C] under standard conditions, and there are 1,000 calories in a kcal). Grasslands, montane and boreal forests, waters of the continental shelf, and rough agriculture typically have productivities of 0.5-3.0 × 10³ kcal/m²/yr. Moist forests, moist prairies, shallow lakes, and typical agricultural systems have productivities of 3-10 × 10³ kcal/m²/yr. The most productive ecosystems are fertile estuaries and marshes, coral reefs, terrestrial vegetation on moist alluvial deposits, and intensive agriculture, which can have productivities of 10-25 × 10³ kcal/m²/yr.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Tissue culture is the growth of tissues or cells separate from the organism. This is typically facilitated via use of a liquid, semi-solid, or solid growth medium, such as broth or agar. Tissue culture commonly refers to the culture of animal cells and tissues, with the more specific term plant tissue culture being used for plants. In modern usage, tissue culture generally refers to the growth of cells from a tissue from a multicellular organism in vitro.

Answer is Option (1) for Biology MCQ for SSC CGL

Odontology is the study of the structure, development, and abnormalities of the teeth. Forensic dentistry or forensic odontology is the proper handling, examination and evaluation of dental evidence, which will be then presented in the interest of justice. The evidence that may be derived from teeth, is the age (in children) and identification of the person to whom the teeth belong. This is done using dental records including radiographs, ante-mortem (prior to death) and post-mortem photographs and DNA.

Answer is Option (4) for Biology MCQ for CGL

The slow decomposition of organic matter into simpler substances in presence of enzymes is known as fermentation. Fermentation is used for the preparation of alcoholic beverages from grape juice and other fruit juices in presence of yeast, which contains proper enzymes. In the first process, sugar from molasses or sugarcane, fruits or starch is first converted to glucose and fructose (isonomers) in presence of an enzyme called invertase.

C₁₂H₂₂O₁₁+ H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + C₆H₁₂O₆

Glucose and fructose are both converted to ethanol and carbon dioxide in presence of another enzyme, zymase. Both the enzymes, invertase and zymase, are present in yeast.

C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH + 2CO₂

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology Questions

Splanchology is the scientific study of the viscera and its organs. It studies the characteristics and structure of the visceral system of an animal. It is the study of viscera, which are the organs situated in the thoracic, abdominal and pelvic cavities of the body, and are associated with pleura and peritoneum. There are four major systems identified in the viscera according to their functions, and they are the digestive system, the respiratory system, the urinary system, and the reproductive system. These four major systems are to process bodily intakes for metabolism such as nutrients and oxygen from surrounding and to remove the wastes from the body. One last function of the viscera is to ensure the survival of the species as a whole by conducting the process of reproduction.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology Question

Cytology means “the study of cells”. Cytology is that branch of life science, which deals with the study of cells in terms of structure, function and chemistry. Based on usage it can refer to: Cytopathology: the study of cellular disease and the use of cellular changes for the diagnosis of disease; and Cell biology: the study of (normal) cellular anatomy, function and chemistry.

80. The study of extinct animals is called

(1) Herpetology

(2) Ornithology

(3) Geology

(4) Palaeontology

Show Answer

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Paleontology is the study of fossils to determine the structure and evolution of extinct animals and plants and the age and conditions of deposition of the rock strata in which they are found. It includes the study of fossils to determine organisms’ evolution and interactions with each other and their environments (their paleoecology). As a “historical science” it attempts to explain causes rather than conduct experiments to observe effects. Palaeontological observations have been documented as far back as the 5th century B.C.E.

Answer is Option (2) for Biology MCQ for SSC CGL

Insomnia, or sleeplessness, is a sleep disorder in which there is an inability to fall asleep or to stay asleep as long as desired. It is most often thought of as both a sign and a symptom that can accompany several sleep, medical, and psychiatric disorders characterized by a persistent difficulty falling asleep and/or staying asleep or sleep of poor quality. Insomnia is typically followed by functional impairment while awake. Insomnia can occur at any age, but it is particularly common in the elderly.

Answer is Option (1) for Biology MCQ for CGL

Mycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. The genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy. Mycobacterial infections are notoriously difficult to treat. The organisms are hardy due to their cell wall, which is neither truly Gram negative nor positive. In addition, they are naturally resistant to a number of antibiotics that disrupt cell-wall biosynthesis, such as penicillin.

 Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Amylase is an enzyme that catalyses the breakdown of starch into sugars. Amylase is present in human saliva, where it begins the chemical process of digestion. Foods that contain much starch but little sugar, such as rice and potato, taste slightly sweet as they are chewed because amylase turns some of their starch into sugar in the mouth. The pancreas also makes amylase (alpha amylase) to hydrolyse dietary starch into disaccharides and trisaccharides which are converted by other enzymes to glucose to supply the body with energy. Plants and some bacteria also produce amylase. As diastase, amylase was the first enzyme to be discovered and isolated.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology Questions

Leukemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called “blasts”. Leukemia is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases. In turn, it is part of the even broader group of diseases affecting the blood, bone marrow, and lymphoid system, which are all known as hematological neoplasms.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology Question

Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of antigens (for example, hormone levels in the blood) by use of antibodies. As such, it can be seen as the inverse of a radio binding assay, which quantifies an antibody by use of corresponding antigens. Although the RIA technique is extremely sensitive and extremely specific, requiring specialized equipment, it remains the least expensive method to perform such tests. It requires special precautions and licensing, since radioactive substances are used. Today it has been supplanted by the ELISA method.

Answer is Option (1) for Biology MCQ for SSC CGL

The glass lizards or glass snakes, genus Ophisaurus, are a group of reptiles that resemble snakes, but are actually lizards. Although most species have no legs, their head shape and the fact that they have movable eyelids and external ear openings identify them as lizards. A few species have very small stub-like legs near the rear vent. These are vestigial organs meaning they have evolved and they are no longer in use. These animals are also known as Glass Snakes or Jointed Snakes.

Answer is Option (4) for Biology MCQ for CGL

Mammals are members of class Mammalia, airbreathing vertebrate animals characterized by the possession of endothermy, hair, three middle ear bones, and mammary glands functional in mothers with young. Most mammals also possess sweat glands and specialized teeth. The largest group of mammals, the placentals, have a placenta which feeds the offspring during gestation. Among the mammals, pigs, hippopotamus, camels, giraffe, deer, antelope, cattle, sheep, goats belong to Order Artiodactyla; Order Cetacea: whales, dolphins and porpoises; etc. Mammals range in size from the 30–40 millimeter (1- to 1.5-inch) bumblebee bat to the 33-meter (108- foot) blue whale.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

Chondrichthyes or cartilaginous fishes are jawed fish with paired fins, paired nares, scales, a two chambered heart, and skeletons made of cartilage rather than bone. The cartilaginous fish are so named because their skeleton is composed of cartilage which is not reinforced by the minerals that make bone. It includes elasmobranchs: sharks, rays and skates, etc.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology Questions

Lepisma saccharina, frequently called a silverfish or fishmoth is a small, wingless insect in the order Thysanura. Silverfish are always wingless and are silvery to brown in colour because their bodies are covered with fine scales. They are generally soft bodied. Its common name derives from the animal’s silvery light grey and blue colour, combined with the fish-like appearance of its movements, while the scientific name indicates the silverfish’s diet of carbohydrates such as sugar or starches.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology Question

The Laws of Heredity are few; their implications for life are vast. The simplest genetic characteristics are those whose presence depends on the genotype at a single locus; i.e., one gene controls the expression of one characteristic. Such characters are known as Mendelian, after their original discoverer, the Austrian botanist Gregor Mendel. Over 10,000 Mendelian characters have been identified in humans. Mendelian laws of inheritance are statements about the way certain characteristics are transmitted from one generation to another in an organism.

Answer is Option (2) for Biology MCQ SSC CGL

Outbreaks by the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza (bird flu) virus in poultry have raised concerns about the source of infection and the risk to humans from various exposures. The H5N1 virus is sensitive to heat. Normal temperatures used for cooking (70°C in all parts of the food) will kill the virus. Consumers need to be sure that all parts of the poultry are fully cooked (no pink parts) and that eggs, too, are properly cooked.

Answer is Option (1) for Biology MCQ for SSC CGL

The human heart has four chambers, two superior atria and two inferior ventricles. The atria are the receiving chambers and the ventricles are the discharging chambers. The pathway of blood through the human heart consists of a pulmonary circuit and a systemic circuit. Deoxygenated blood flows through the heart in one direction, entering through the superior vena cava into the right atrium and is pumped through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle before being pumped out through the pulmonary valve to the pulmonary arteries into the lungs. It returns from the lungs through the pulmonary veins to the left atrium where it is pumped through the mitral valve into the left ventricle before leaving through the aortic valve to the aorta.

 Answer is Option (1) for Biology MCQ for CGL

Blood type AB is the universal recipient because individuals who have blood type AB does not have the antibodies. They do not have the anti-A or Anti-B antibodies. They can receive all types of blood types: A, B, O, AB.

Answer is Option (4) for SSC CGL Biology Objective Question

In physiology and medicine, hypotension is abnormally low blood pressure, especially in the arteries of the systemic circulation. Hypotension is the opposite of hypertension, which is high blood pressure. Blood pressure is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood. If it is lower than normal, then it is called low blood pressure or hypotension. Severely low blood pressure can deprive the brain and other vital organs of oxygen and nutrients, leading to a life-threatening condition called shock. Decreased cardiac output despite normal blood volume, due to severe congestive heart failure, large myocardial infarction, heart valve problems, heart attack, heart failure, or extremely low heart rate (bradycardia), often produces hypotension and can rapidly progress to cardiogenic shock.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

A cold blooded animal, or ectotherm, is one that does not have an internal mechanism for regulating its body temperature. Instead, a cold blooded animal relies on solar energy captured by the environment. Reptiles, amphibians and fish are examples of cold blooded animals. To change their body temperature, cold-blooded animals move to different places in their habitat. They may burrow under the ground, crawl under a log or a rock, etc. Cold-blooded means that the animals are ectothermic. They are dependent on the environment to control their body temperature.

Answer is Option (1) for SSC CGL Biology Questions

Everyone has two copies of the gene for blood type (and for most other genes as well). Since O is a recessive trait that means that someone with type O blood must have two copies of the O gene. Types A and B are dominant, and since they’re co-dominant, someone with type AB blood must have the A gene and the B gene. In reproduction, the offspring get one copy of each gene from each parent. Since the type O parent has two copies of the O gene, it’s assured that the offspring will get one of them. As for the type AB parent, the offspring has a 50/50 chance of getting the A gene or the B gene. The two possible outcomes are AO and BO. Since O is recessive and A and B are dominant, that means the possible blood types are A and B.

Answer is Option (3) for SSC CGL Biology Question

There are 206 bones in an normal adult skeleton. A typical adult human skeleton consists of 206 bones. Individuals may have more or fewer bones than this owing to anatomical variations. These include: 22 Cranial and Facial Bones; 6 Ear Bones; 1 Throat Bone; 4 Shoulder Bones; 25 Chest Bones; 26 Vertebral Bones; 6 Arm and Forearm bones; 54 Hand Bones; 2 Pelvic Bones; 8 Leg Bones; and 52 Foot Bones.

Answer is Option (4) for Biology MCQ for SSC CGL

Although the word dinosaur means “terrible lizard,” the name is somewhat misleading, as dinosaurs are not lizards. Rather, they represent a separate group of reptiles with a distinct upright posture not found in lizards, and many extinct forms did not exhibit traditional reptilian characteristics. Through the first half of the 20th century, before birds were recognized to be dinosaurs, most of the scientific community believed dinosaurs to be sluggish and cold-blooded. Most research conducted since the 1970s, however, has indicated that ancient dinosaurs, particularly the carnivorous groups, were active animals with elevated metabolisms and numerous adaptations for social interaction.

Answer is Option (3) for Biology MCQ for CGL

Sweat glands, or sudoriferous glands, are small tubular structures of the skin that produce sweat. The cause of sweating and body odor stems from our body’s temperature regulation system, specifically our sweat glands. Sweating helps maintain our body temperature, hydrates our skin and balances our body fluids and electrolytes, chemicals in our body such as sodium and calcium.

Answer is Option (2) for SSC CGL Biology MCQ

An RBC count is a blood test that tells how many red blood cells (RBCs) we have. RBCs contain hemoglobin, which carries oxygen. How much oxygen our body tissues get depends on how many RBCs we have and how well they work. The general the range is as follows: Male: 4.7 to 6.1 million cells per microliter (cells/mcL); and Female: 4.2 to 5.4 million cells/mcL.