Solution: (d)
After coming to South Africa, Gandhi started a study of a wide range of literature and Tolstoy’s works were among those which influenced him the most. He went through a time of religious ferment, engaging in wide-ranging religious discussions and reading eclectically among the religious texts that came his way. One of these texts was Tolstoy’s book on living an authentic Christian life. Gandhi commented: “Tolstoy’s The Kingdom of God is Within You overwhelmed me. It left an abiding impression on me. Before the independent thinking, profound morality, and the truthfulness of this book, all the books given me by Mr. Coates seemed to pale into insignificance.”
Where was the Royal Durbar held on November 1st, 1858 to issue the Queen’s proclamation?
(a) Lucknow
(b) Cawnpore
(c) Delhi
(d) Kanpur
Solution: (a)
On November 1, 1858, a grand Darbar was held at Allahabad. Lord Canning sent forth the royal proclamation which announced that the queen had assumed the government of India. This proclamation declared the future policy of the British Rule in India. The document was called “Magna Carta of the People of India” and was declared in eloquent words the principles of justice and religious toleration as the guiding policy of the queen’s rule. The document also granted amnesty to all except those who had directly taken part in the murder of British subjects. Peace was proclaimed throughout India on July 8, 1859. The armies of the East India Company ceased to exist and the forces in India were incorporated as an integral part of the British army.
The Indian council Act of 1909 was popularly known as:
(a) Parliament Act
(b) Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms
(c) Minto-Morely Reforms
(d) The Judiciary Act
Solution: (c)
The Indian Councils Act 1909, commonly known as the Morley-Minto Reforms, was an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that brought about a limited increase in the involvement of Indians in the governance of British India. It effectively allowed the election of Indians to the various legislative councils in India for the first time.
The Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) fought in the Second World War against–
(a) Germany
(b) Japan
(c) Italy
(d) Great Britain
Solution: (d)
Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) was an armed force formed by Indian nationalists in 1942 in South east Asia during World War II. The aim of the army was to secure Indian independence with Japanese assistance.
The person responsible for introducing the conception of Dyarchy in the1919 Act was
(a) Montague
(b) Tez Bahadur Sapru
(c) Lionel Curtis
(d) Chelmsford
Solution: (a)
Dyarchy was introduced as a constitutional reform by Edwin Samuel Montagu (secretary of state for India, 1917–22) and Lord Chelmsford (viceroy of India, 1916–21). It marked the first introduction of the democratic principle into the executive branch of the British administration of India. Though much-criticized, it signified a breakthrough in British Indian government and was the forerunner of India’s full provincial autonomy (1935) and independence (1947).
Who was the first profounder of the Doctrine of Passive Resistance?
(a) B.G. Tilak
(b) Aurobindo Ghosh
(c) Lajpat Rai
(d) G. K. Gokhale
Solution: (b)
Sri Aurobindo wrote The Doctrine of Passive Resistance as a series of articles first appearing in the Indian daily Bande Mataram under the general title of New Thought from April 11 to April 23, 1907. It was here that the doctrine was enunciated and explained. It was brought out in 1948 in book form and named The Doctrine of Passive Resistance.
What are the Morley-Minto Reforms of 1909 known for?
(a) Separate Electorates
(b) Provincial Dyarchy
(c) Provincial Autonomy
(d) Federalism
Solution: (a)
Separate electorates were given statutory recognition in the Indian Councils Act of 1909. Muslims were accorded not only the right to elect their representatives by separate electorates, but also the right to vote in general constituencies. In addition, they were also given weightage in representation.
The joint session of the Congress and Muslim League was held in 1916 at—
(a) Delhi
(b) Kanpur
(c) Lucknow
(d) Madras
Solution: (c)
The joint session of the Indian National Congress headed by Maratha leader Bal Gangadhar Tilak and the All-India Muslim League led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah was held in Lucknow in 1916.
The first Trading Centre which was established by the British was
(a) Kolkata
(b) Surat
(c) Chennai
(d) Mumbai
Solution: (b)
The British East India Company opened their first trading center at Surat, Gujarat in 1612. This was as per the deed of right Mughal Emperor Jehangir granted to them. In 1640, they opened their second center in Madras (now Chennai). In 1687, they shifted their main trading center from Surat to Bombay, the city that they leased out from the British King in 1668.
Who among the following is popularly known as ‘Periyar’?
(a) C.V. Raman Pillai
(b) C.N. Mudaliar
(c) E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker
(d) L. Ramkrishna Pillai
Solution: (c)
E.V. Ramaswamy Naicker was a businessman, politician, Indian independence and social activist, who started the Self-Respect Movement or the Dravidian Movement and proposed the creation of an independent state called Dravida Nadu, comprising the states of South India. He was also the founder of the sociocultural organization, Dravidar Kazhagam. He was affectionately called by his followers as Periyar meaning ‘respected one’ or ‘elder’ in Tamil.
