Which of the following is the area of lowest pressure over Indian subcontinent during the hot dry weather season?
(a) RannofKachchh
(b) Rajasthan
(c) North-West India
(d) Meghalaya
Solution: (c)
The southwestern summer monsoons occur from June through September. The Thar Desert and adjoining areas of the northern and central Indian subcontinent heats up considerably during the hot summers. This causes a low pressure area over the north ern and central Indian subcontinent. To fill this void, the moisture-laden winds from the Indian Ocean rush in to the subcontinent.
One of the regions that receive rainfall from the North–Easterly monsoon is :
(a) West Bengal
(b) Assam
(c) Kerala
(d) Tamil Nadu
Solution: (d)
The period October to December is referred to as Northeast Monsoon season over peninsular India. It is the major period of rainfall activity over Tamil Nadu as it receives 48% of its annual rainfall during the Northeast monsoon season. Coastal districts of the State get nearly 60% of the annual rainfall and the interior districts get about 40-50% of the annual rainfall.
What is the major cause of ‘October Heat’?
(a) Hot and dry weather
(b) Very low-velocity winds
(c) Low-pressure systems over the Indo–Gangetic plains
(d) High temperature associated with high humidity
Solution: (d)
The months of October-November mark a period of transition from hot rainy season to cold dry winter conditions. This period is known as Retreating Monsoon or Transition season because the southwest monsoons weaken and withdraw or retreat from India. The retreat of monsoon is marked by clear skies and rise in temperature. While days are warm, nights are cool and pleasant. Owing to high temperature and high humidity, weather becomes oppressive. This phenomenon is known as ‘October heat.
Though there is no single theory that can explain the origin of southwest monsoon, however, it is believed that the main mechanism is the differential heating of land and sea during:
(a) Winter months
(b) Summer months
(c) Cyclonic storms
(d) South-west trade wind flow
Solution: (b)
According to the thermal theory, during the hot subtropical summers, the massive landmass of the Indian Peninsula heats up at a different rate than the surrounding seas, resulting in a pressure gradient from south to north. This causes the flow of moisture-laden winds from sea to land. On reaching land, these winds rise because of the geographical relief, cooling adiabatically and leading to Orographic rains, better known as the southwest monsoon.
The Daily Weather Map of India is prepared and printed at
(a) Kolkata
(b) Mumbai
(c) New Delhi
(d) Pune
Solution: (d)
Daily Weather Map of India is prepared and print ed at the National Data Centre of India Meteorological Department (IMD) at Pune. Daily weather reports and daily weather maps for India in printed form are available since 1878.
Which of the following causes rainfall during winters in the northwestern part of India?
(a) Western disturbances
(b) Cyclonic depression
(c) Southwest monsoon
(d) Retreating monsoon
Solution: (a)
A Western Disturbance is an extratropical storm originating in the Mediterranean region that brings sudden rain to the northwestern parts of the Indian subcontinent during the winter season. It is a non-monsoonal precipitation pattern driven by the westerlies. Western Disturbances are important for the development of the Rabi crop (wheat).
Why does the west coast of India receive more rainfall from southwest monsoon than the east coast?
(a) Unlike the east coast this coast is straight
(b) The Western Ghats obstruct the winds causing rainfall
(c) The east coast is broader than the west coast
(d) The Eastern Ghats extend parallel to wind direction
Solution: (b)
The western side of the Western Ghats rise majestically to over 2500 meters above mean sea level to capture the Arabian sea branch of moisture laden southwest monsoon winds. The location of these mountain ranges is such that the South-West Mon soon that break over the southernmost tip of the peninsula during the last week of May, block the wind and they steadily rise against the mountain to condense rapidly and give copious rains on the western side. Consequently, the eastern side is typically known as the rain shadow region.
If 20% or more area of the country suffers from rain deficits during monsoon season, it is termed as
(a) flood year
(b) drought year
(c) famine year
(d) self sufficient year
Solution: (b)
According to Indian Meteorological Department, when the rainfall deficiency for the country as a whole is more than 10% of normal and more than 20% of the country’s area is affected by drought conditions (rainfall deficit), the situation is defined as an all-India drought year.
The driest part of India is
(a) Western Rajasthan
(b) Jammu and Kashmir
(c) Gujarat
(d) Madhya Pradesh
Solution: (a)
Western Rajasthan is the driest region in India. Jaisalmer in western Rajasthan is the driest place which receives the lowest rainfall (less than 10 cm). It is due to its distance from the monsoon winds of the Bay of Bengal and location in the sub-tropical high pressure belt.
Delhi gets winter rainfall due to
(a) south west monsoons
(b) north east monsoons
(c) conventional rain
(d) western disturbance
Solution: (d)
Delhi gets winter rainfall due to western disturbance.
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