Which of the following steel plants is not managed by Indian Steel Authority Limited?
(a) Selaam Rust-resistant Steel Plant
(b) Vishakhapatnam Steel Plant
(c) Alloy Steel Plant, Durgapur
(d) Bokaro Steel Plant
Solution: (a)
SAIL with its corporate office in New Delhi operates and manages five integrated steel plants at Bhilai, Bokaro, Durgapur, Rourkela and Burnpur, a plant of the Indian Iron and Steel Co. Ltd. (IISCO), which is a wholly owned subsidiary of SAIL. SAIL also has four Special and Alloy Steel and Ferro-alloys units at Durgapur, Salem, Chandrapur and Bhadravati. The plants at Chandrapur and Bhadravati belong to the Maharashtra Elektrosmelt Limited and Visvesvaraya Iron and Steel Limited respectively which are also subsidiaries of SAIL.
The most important nontariff trade barriers are:
(a) Quotas
(b) Health regulations
(c) Pollution standards
(d) Labelling and packaging regulations
Solution: (a)
Non-tariff barriers to trade (NTBs) are trade barriers that restrict imports but are not in the usual form of a tariff. Some common examples of NTB’s are antidumping measures and countervailing duties, which, although they are called “non-tariff” barriers, have the effect of tariffs once they are enacted. Their use has risen sharply after the WTO rules led to a very significant reduction in tariff use. Some non-tariff trade barriers are expressly permitted in very limited circumstances, when they are deemed necessary to protect health, safety, or sanitation, or to protect depletable natural resources. Types of non-tariff barrier to trade include specific limitations on trade: quotas, import licensing requirements; Proportion restrictions of foreign to domestic goods (local content requirements); Minimum import price limits; and embargoes. An import quota is a limit on the quantity of a good that can be produced abroad and sold domestically. It is a type of protectionist trade restriction that sets a physical limit on the quantity of a good that can be imported into a country in a given period of time. If a quota is put on a good, less of it is imported.
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