Which of the following economists is called the Father of Economics?
(a) Malthus
(b) Robinson
(c) Ricardo
(d) Adam Smith
microeconomics answer: (d)
Adam Smith, a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economy, is cited as the “father of modern economics.” He is best known for two classic works: The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759), and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776). The Wealth of Nations is considered as the first modern work of economics.
Rent is a factor payment paid to
(a) land
(b) restaurant
(c) building
(d) factory
microeconomics answer: (a)
Factor Payments refer to payments made to scarce resources, or the factors of production (labour, capital, land, and entrepreneurship), in return for productive services. Wages are paid for the services of labor; interest is the payment for the services of capital, rent is the services for land, and profit is the factor payment to entrepreneurship.
Price and output are determinates in market structure other than
(a) monopoly
(b) perfect competition
(c) oligopoly
(d) monopsony
microeconomics answer: (b)
Perfect competition is a form of market in which there are a large number of buyers and sellers competing with each other in the purchase and sale of goods, respectively and no individual buyer or seller has any influence over the price and output. Each firm’s output is a perfect substitute for the output of the other firms, so the demand for each firm’s output is perfectly elastic. Product differentiation holds the key in this type of market structure.
The consumer gets maximum satisfaction at the point where
(a) Marginal Utility = Price
(b) Marginal Utility > Price
(c) Marginal Utility < Price
(d) Marginal Cost = Price
microeconomics answer: (a)
As per the law of diminishing marginal utility, the utility of each successive unit goes on diminishing as more and more units of a commodity are consumed. A rational consumer will consume the commodity up to a point where the marginal utility of the final unit of the commodity is equal to the marginal utility of money (in terms of price) paid for it. In this way, the consumer will get the maximum satisfaction and will be in equilibrium.
Any factor of production can earn economic-rent when its supply will be
(a) Perfectly elastic
(b) Perfectly inelastic
(c) Elastic in nature
(d) All of the above
microeconomics answer: (b)
Economic rent is the revenue that can be earned from the land or other natural resource for which there is a fixed supply — as economists like to say, the supply is perfectly inelastic. Because the supply is perfectly inelastic, the amount of its supply does not depend on any income that the resource can produce.
The sale of branded articles is common in a situation of
(a) excess capacity
(b) monopolistic competition
(c) monopoly
(d) pure competition
microeconomics answer: (b)
Monopolistic competition is a type of imperfect competition such that many producers sell products that are differentiated from one another (e.g. by branding or quality) and hence are not perfect substitutes. Textbook examples of industries with market structures similar to monopolistic competition include restaurants, cereal, clothing, shoes, and service industries in large cities.
The law of diminishing returns applies to
(a) All sectors
(b) Industrial sector
(c) Agricultural sector
(d) Service sector
microeconomics answer: (a)
The classical economists were of the opinion that – the law of diminishing returns applies only to agriculture and to some extractive industries, such as mining, fisheries urban land, etc. However, it is applicable to other sectors such as manufacturing as well.
In a free enterprise economy, resource allocation is determined by
(a) the pattern of consumers’ spending
(b) the wealth of the entrepreneurs
(c) the decision of the Government
(d) the traditional employment of factors
microeconomics answer: (a)
In a free market economy, resources are allocated through the interaction of free and self-directed market forces. This means that what to produce is determined by consumers’ capacity to spend. How to produce is determined by producers, and who gets the products depends upon the purchasing power of consumers.
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