Solution: (a)
In economics, inflation is a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time. In other words, inflation means continuously decrease in the value of money due to excess supply of money in the market. There are two types of inflation demand pull and cost push inflation. Causes behind inflation are reduced taxes, rate decrease in saving, increase in supply of goods, increase in the number of producers in the market. To control inflation there should be an increase in the tax rate and increase in the interest rate.

Solution: (c)
Revaluation is a calculated adjustment to a country’s official exchange rate relative to a chosen baseline. The baseline can be anything from wage rates to the price of gold to a foreign currency. In a fixed exchange rate regime, only a decision by a country’s government (i.e. central bank) can alter the official value of the currency. It is opposite of devaluation.

Solution: (c)
A central bank, reserve bank, or monetary authority is a public institution that manages a state’s currency, money supply, and interest rates. Central banks also usually oversee the commercial banking system of their respective countries. In contrast to a commercial bank, a central bank possesses a monopoly on increasing the nation’s monetary base, and usually also prints the national currency, which usually serves as the nation’s legal tender. The primary function of a central bank is to manage the nation’s money supply (monetary policy), through active duties such as managing interest rates, setting the reserve requirement, and acting as a lender of last resort to the banking sector during times of bank insolvency or financial crisis. Central banks usually also have supervisory powers, intended to prevent bank runs and to reduce the risk that commercial banks and other financial institutions engage in reckless or fraudulent behavior.

Solution: (b)
A floating exchange rate is a type of exchange rate regime wherein a currency’s value is allowed to fluctuate according to the foreign exchange market. It refers to a country’s exchange rate regime where its currency is set by the foreign-exchange market through supply and demand for that particular currency relative to other currencies.

Solution: (a)
Soft currency is a currency with a value that fluctuates as a result of the country’s political or economic uncertainty which may be due to balance of payments problem. Currencies from most developing countries are considered to be soft currencies. Often, governments from these developing countries will set unrealistically high exchange rates, pegging their currencies to a currency such as the U.S. dollar.