What should be the proportion of forest cover for India to maintain her ecological balance?
(a) 11.1 percent
(b) 22.2 percent
(c) 33.3 percent
(d) 44.4 percent
Solution: (c)
The minimum area of forests to maintain a good ecological balance has been regarded to be 33%. India lags on this front. The Green India campaign has been announced by the Prime Minister for the afforestation of 6 million hectares. The current area under forests is 23%.
Where is the Bandipur National Park?
(a) Rajasthan
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Karnataka
(d) Assam
Solution: (c)
Bandipur National Park, established in 1973 as a tiger reserve under Project Tiger, is a national park located in the south Indian state of Karnataka. It was once a private hunting reserve for the Maharaja of the Kingdom of Mysore. Bandipur is located in Gundlupet taluq of Chamarajanagar district. Together with the adjoining Nagarhole National Park, Mudumalai National Park and Wynad Wildlife Sanctuary, it is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve totaling 2,183 km2 making it the largest protected area in southern India.
Which is the first national park established in India?
(a) Velvadan National Park
(b) Periyar National Park
(c) Bandipur National Park
(d) Corbett National Park
Solution: (d)
Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest national park in India. The park—named for the hunter and conservationist Jim Corbett who played a key role in its establishment—was established in 1936 as Hailey National Park. Situated in Nainital district of Uttarakhand the park acts as a protected area for the endangered Bengal tiger of India, the secure survival of which is the main objective of Project Tiger, an Indian wildlife protection initiative.
World’s maximum newsprint comes from–
(a) Deciduous forest
(b) Monsoon forest
(c) Mangrove forest
(d) Rainfed forest
Solution: (a)
Newspapers are made from a type of paper called newsprint. Coniferous softwoods such as spruce, pine, and cedar provide long (average 3mm), strong fibres. Newsprint needs strength enough to withstand the demands of fast printing presses, the ability to accept high quality colour printing and enough opacity to prevent the printing showing through the pages. In most temperate coniferous forests, evergreen conifers predominate, while some are a mix of conifers and broadleaf evergreen trees and/or broadleaf deciduous trees. Temperate evergreen forests are common in the coastal areas of regions that have mild winters and heavy rainfall, or inland in drier climates or mountain areas.
Where in India can you normally spot the Siberian crane in winter?
(a) Sasangir Sanctuary
(b) Ranthambore Sanctuary
(c) Dachigam National Park
(d) Keoladeo Ghana Sanctuary
Solution: (d)
The Keoladeo National Park or Keoladeo Ghana National Park formerly known as the Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary in Bharatpur, Rajasthan, India is a famous avifauna sanctuary that plays host to thousands of birds especially during the winter season. Over 230 species of birds are known to have made the National Park their home. The Sanctuary is one of the richest bird areas in the world. It is known for nesting of its resident birds and visiting migratory birds including water birds. The rare Siberian cranes used to winter in this park but this central population of Siberian Cranes is now extinct.
In terms of area, which one of the following Indian States has the largest coverage of forests?
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Chhattisgarh
(c) Madhya Pradesh
(d) Orissa
Solution: (c)
The forest cover includes all lands which have a tree canopy density of more than ten percent when projected vertically on the horizontal ground, with a minimum areal extent of one hectare. Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest area in the country. Forest area of the state constitutes 31 per cent of the total area of the state. The forest area in the state constitutes about 12.44 per cent of the total forest area of India.
In India, rainforests are found in
(a) Central India
(b) Eastern Ghat
(c) N.E. Himalayas and Western Ghats
(d) N.W. Himalayas and Eastern Ghats
Solution: (c)
The main areas of tropical forest are found in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; the Western Ghats, which fringe the Arabian Sea coastline of peninsular India; and the greater Assam region in the north-east along the Eastern Himalayas. Small remnants of rain forest are found in Orissa state. Tropical rainforests are located in a band around the equator (Zero degrees latitude) in the area between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5° North latitude) and the Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° South latitude).This 3,000 mile (4800 kilometres) wide band is known as the ‘tropics’.
The only sanctuary where Kashmir stag is found is
(a) Kanha
(b) Dachigam
(c) Gir
(d) Mudumalai
Solution: (b)
Dachigam National Park is located 22 kilometers from Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir. Dachigam National park is located among the high mountains of the mighty western Himalayas. The main animal species that Dachigam is most famous for is the Hangul, or the Kashmir Stag which is listed as critically endangered by IUCN as population is counted 160 mature individuals in 2008 census. This deer lives in groups of two to 18 individuals in dense riverine forests, high valleys, and mountains of the Kashmir valley and northern Chamba in Himachal Pradesh. In Kashmir, it’s found in Dachigam National Park at elevations of 3,035 meters.
The ‘Chipko Movement’ is related to
(a) Wildlife preservation
(b) Forest conservation
(c) Scientific agriculture
(d) Deforestation
Solution: (b)
The Chipko movement or Chipko Andolan is a movement that practised the Gandhian methods of satyagraha and non-violent resistance, through the act of hugging trees to protect them from being felled. The modern Chipko movement started in the early 1970s in the Garhwal Himalayas of Uttarakhand, then in Uttar Pradesh with growing awareness towards rapid deforestation. The Chipko movement though primarily a livelihood movement rather than a forest conservation movement went on to become a rallying point for many future environmentalists, environmental protests and movements the world over and created a precedent for non-violent protest.
When was the first National Forest Policy issued by the Government of India?
(a) 1952
(b) 1940
(c) 1942
(d) 1999
Solution: (a)
India is one of the very few countries of the world where forest policy is in operation since 1894; in 1952 and 1988 revisions were made in this forest policy. The National Forest Polity of 1952 recommended that the country should aim at coverage of one-third of the total land area under forests (60% in mountainous area and 25% in the plains). It has suggested the extension of tree lands on river/canal banks and in such areas which are not suitable for cultivation.
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